Spanish Period free essay sample

Before the Spanish came into the Philippines, the religions were Hinduism, Buddhism and Paganism. The Christian Doctrine was the main religion brought in by the Spaniards. The Philippines had a very diverse collection of languages, but the Spanish language was mixed into them. European legends and traditions were also mixed in to our own. Ancient literature was collected and translated into the different dialects in the Philippines. Their grammar books were also translated in the Philippine language. Most of the periodicals during this time had a religious feel or bias to them. The first book in the Bicol language and written by Fr. Marcos Lisbon in 1754. Folk songs have been widespread in the Philippines. Every region had their own national song. Folk songs truly manifest the artistic feelings of the Filipinos. They show the Filipinos’ innate appreciation for and love of beauty. Recreational plays were performed by the Filipinos during that time. We will write a custom essay sample on Spanish Period or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Tibag – This ritual was about the search for the cross of Jesus Christ at St. Helena Lagaylay A celebration in Canaman, Camarines Sur to honor the Sta. Cruz tradition. Women dance on the streets while chanting prayers to find the real cross The Cenaculo – Was the dramatization of the passion and death of  Jesus Christ. Panunuluyan –   it dramatizes  Josephs and  Marys search for  Bethlehem. The Salubong (or Panubong) The Salubong is an Easter play that dramatizes the meeting of the Risen Christ and his Mother. Carillo (Shadow Play) – this is a form of dramatic entertainment performed on a moonless night during a town fiesta or on dark nights after a harvest. This shadow play is made by projecting cardboard figures before a lamp against a white sheet. The Zarzuela – considered the father of the drama; it is a musical comedy or melodrama three acts which dealt with man’s passions and emotions like love, hate, revenge, cruelty, avarice or some social or political proble. The Sainete – is a Spanish comic opera piece, with music. It was often placed at the end of entertainments, or between other types of performance, and used scenes of low life. The Moro-Moro dance is the earliest form of theater performing in the Philippines, starting in 1650. It is part of their cultural routine when entertaining their visitors. The dance is a play based off of two poems, the awit and the corrido, that spread across the Philippines around 1610. It usually shows the struggles between Christians and non-Christians. The Moro-Moro dance expresses the loves, deeds and different adventures of the kings, queens, princes, princesses and dukes. It also shows different creatures, such as lions, tigers, bears, snakes, dragons, angels, saints, devils and giants. The Moro-Moro is a very long play; the show can go on for five to six hours a night for three nights in a row. The longest play known lasted for 12 days. The Karagatan comes from the legendary practice of testing the mettle of young men vying for a maidens hand. The maidens ring would be dropped into sea and whoever retrieves it would have the girls hand in marriage. The Duplo   is a performance that consisted of two teams; One composed of young women called  Dupleras  or  Belyakas; and the other, of young men called  Dupleros  or  Belyakos. The Balagtasan is a poetic joust or a contest of skills in debate on a particular topic or issue. This is replaced the DUPLO and is held to honor Francisco â€Å"Balagtas† Baltazar. Dung-aw were Iloko literature by way of folk songs, riddles, proverbs, lamentations. During the Spanish period, it was known to be a chant to express his emotions towards life, sufferings and sacrifices of the dead and includes apologies for his misdeeds. Corridos  were widely read during the Spanish period that filled the populaces need for entertainment as well as edifying reading matter in their leisure moments. Awit, like corridos, these were also widely read during the Spanish period as entertaining, edifying, reading manner in their leisure time.

Study of shore crab response to intertidal stimuli essays

Study of shore crab response to intertidal stimuli essays Since its itroduction to the New Jersey shore in 1988, the western Pacific shore crab Hemigrapsus sanguineus has spread to inhabit rocky intertidal locations along the Atlantic coast from Massachusetts to North Carolina (McDermott 1998). Many reasons have been proposed to explain the rapid spread of this non-indiginous species. For example, it has been shown that H. sanguineus has longer spawning periods along the mid-Atlantic coast than it does in its natural habitat in the western Pacific Ocean, due to a more favorable climate (Epifanio et al 1998). For this reason, these crabs are able to spawn more times per season than indigenous crabs, providing one possible hypothesis For this species to expand its range along the Atlantic coast, it will need to have wide tolerances to temperature and salinity. In 1998 Epifanio found that The purpose of this study is to show the tolerance and behavioral responses of H. sanguineus to varying water and air temperatures, and water salinity concentrations. It is believed that these crabs will be very tolerant to the various extreme conditions that they will be put through. It is the ability of these crabs to survive in these unfavorable situations that is key to their success. This experiment was also designed to prove the hypothesis that the tolerance of H. sanguineus to various environmental factors increases In February 2000, a field trip was taken to Crane Neck Point to collect live specimens for the experiment. The field trip was conducted at low tide. The water temperature was approximately 3 degrees Celcius, with the air temperature slightly above freezing (0-1 degree Celcius). Live crabs were obtained by overturning rocks in the intertidal zone. Hemigrapsus sanguineus was found at all levels of the intertidal zone, although their numbers increased as one moved toward the waterline. The crabs were collected wi...

Angelica Kauffmann PowerPoint Presentation Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Angelica Kauffmann - PowerPoint Presentation Example According to Sortais (1910): Angelica showed a great aptitude for music and singing, and some of her fathers friends strongly urged her to give up painting, but in vain. This episode in her life she has represented in a picture, showing herself, between Painting and Music, bidding farewell to Music. There was no question it was in painting that she showed much progress. And before she even completed her twelfth year, she had become a notability, with bishops and nobles for her sitters. The bishop of Milan summoned her to paint his portrait. Due to her immense talent and personal charms, Francis the III of Este, Duke of Modena and Governor of Milan, declared himself her protector. Also, Cardinal Roth invited her to Constance and commissioned her to paint his portrait (Sortais 1910). Kauffman lost her father in 1782; and in 1795, her husband. These blows to her personal life did not deter her to continue with her passion in painting and continued at intervals to contribute to the Royal Academy of Painting and Sculpture, the academy’s purpose of which is to professionalize the artists working for the French court and give them a stamp of approval, her last exhibit being in 1797. She has produced a few of her works after this time. On a fateful day, November 5, 1807, she died in Rome. She was honored by a wonderful funeral under the direction of Canova, an Italian sculptor who became famous for his marble sculptures. Numerous prominent personalities were in attendance during her funeral procession, following her to her tomb, including the entire Academy of St. Luke, several ecclesiastics and virtuosi, with two of her pictures carried in procession. Kauffman was an advocate of neo-classicism in her works. What neo-classicism depends on most fundamentally is a consensus about a body of work that has achieved canonic status, or that which asserts a compendium of the greatest works of artistic merit

Women Of Color Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Women Of Color - Essay Example No sacrifice was complete without women participating in it. They enjoyed rights equal to men, with full liberty to receive education and prepare themselves in their own manner, to face the arduous battle of life. They had full voice in the settlement of matrimonial relations. Many nations affirm the principle of gender equality. As women continue to advance in most walks of life, the impression that equality has been reached and that gender issues no longer pose real problems has naturally gained ground. Yet, many cultural, economic and social barriers remain. Although as many women as men possess the skills necessary to shape social and economic development, women are still prevented from fully participating in decision-making processes. Today the role of men and women in our society is both collaborative and supplementary. During the last five decades women have entered in increasing numbers into salaried and remunerative occupations as well as professions, which were previously the exclusive preserve of men. Today the difference that while women in former days worked along with men in the fields, now they work in factories or offices. The myth of male superiority is only a distortion that came in the wake of growing male domination. It is a paradox th at there should be an increase in crimes against women, especially in the face of spectacular strides being made by them in various walks of life. Emancipation of women has occupied an important place in the scheme for social reforms undertaken in developing countries of Asia and Africa, in the later half on the 19th century. Violence against women remains pervasive worldwide a major health and human rights concern. Women can experience physical or mental abuse throughout their lifecycle, in infancy, childhood and/or adolescence, or during adulthood or older age. It is the most atrocious manifestation of the systemic discrimination and inequality women continue to face, in law and in their everyday lives, around the world. It occurs in every region, country, and culture, regardless of income, class, race or ethnicity. Violence against women in developing countries have becoming mere frequent and is alarmingly on the increase. Today in almost every stratum of our social life, women are treated as inferior creatures. Almost all countries go about shouting about constitutional equality between man and women, but have yet to go long way before women find an equally safe and honorable place in society. The newspaper daily read and hears about ladies living in busy localities being murdered in broad daylight. It is so because they have some yellow metal on them. Rape is not the only motive force behind the crimes against women. A woman, by her very constitution, is vulnerable. In poor countries Young girls are deceived on promises of a decent job or marriage. Once a girl has fallen, she is blackmailed into a life of vice. To get a feel of the widespread evil of crime against women, only requirement is to know the experiences of working girls from the moment they leave their home up to the time of their return. At all times they are

Tourism Policies and Plans in Turkey

Tourism Policies and Plans in Turkey Introduction The Republic of Turkey is situated on the borders where Asia and Europe meet, quite literally in the centre of the world. Throughout history, from the times of the Byzantine Dynasty through Alexanders Invasion and the Ottoman Empire, the present land of Turkey has been the home to many cultures. But Turkey has a lot more to offer than just different cultures. They have on offer beautiful landscapes, quality beaches and enough world history to satisfy a historian. With its wide plethora of natural and cultural assets, Turkey should be among the top most popular destinations. In 2014, at the height of Turkeys popularity, 42 million foreign tourists visited Turkey awarding them the rank of 6th most visited global destination that year, with many tourists traveling for their culture, spa and healthcare tourism. (UNWTO, 2015) But the numbers have gradually declined since then caused by political tensions, terrorist attacks, negative political image etc. All tourism related planning, strategies and actions are headed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism. This department has been tasked with the protection and perseverance of Turkish culture and the administration of all tourism related activities in Turkey. For Turkey as a destination, it is this Ministry of Culture and Tourism that is designated with the title of Destination Management Organisation. The World Tourism Organisation (2007) defines a Destination Management Organization (DMO) as a body or organisation that is responsible for the co-ordinated management of all the elements that make up a destination like attractions, accessibility, marketing, human resources, brand, etc. These organisations are ultimately responsible for the planning, management and execution of all plans and policies, which have been decided or implemented in order to achieve their short term and long term goals for that destination.(Esmeralda Eleina, 2013) This paper aims at reviewing and critically analysing the tourism plans and policies of Turkey in place until 2023 within the parameters of branding, vision and monitoring and evaluation as detailed in their tourism plan titled Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023 (2013) which was planned and will be executed by their DMO, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism and to gauge its effectiveness in turning Turkey into a competitive and sustainable destination. Literature Review DMOs are vital in developing and implementing tourism policies for the creation and maintenance of a sustainable and competitive destination. J.R. Brent Ritchie and Geoffrey I. Crouch (2003) explain tourism policy as a set of rules, directives, guidelines, strategies and the framework for tourism development. Vision James Tallant (2009) describes a vision as the state of an organisation in the future after it achieves its mission. J. R. Brent Ritchie (1999) detail that a critical early stage in the strategic planning by any DMO is the inception of a destination vision. Charles R. Goeldner (2008) explains that a good vision defines what the DMO aims to accomplish in a certain given time period using language to inspire members, staff and stakeholders to actively contribute in the attainment of that goal. He elucidates that a vision may describe on how things may be different because of the DMO and how the DMO would wish to be perceived by others. Sooskan Kantabutra and Gayle C. Avery (2010) details that any good vision would incorporate the following elements: Should be conveyed in a dramatic fashion to inspire and motivate Should enhance the development of a new product/service that in turn aids in the further development of other existing products/services. Should aspire to serve customers through a defined product portfolio that has been designed by the DMO and ensure the quality as well. Should be responsive to customer needs. Should ensure the sustainable growth of the destination for the benefit of its stakeholders Branding According to J.R. Brent Ritchie and Robin J.B. Ritchie (1998), branding should encapsulate either a name, symbol, or logo that identifies and differentiates a destination from others.   It must be unique, and reinforce the positive experiences of the destination. For a destination, a brand bridges the gap between its given assets and the perceptions of potential visitors (Morgan, Pritchard, Piggott, 2002). Qu (2011) states that destination brands serve two main functions; identification and differentiation. As with singular product brands, a destination brand is also made up of the components of awareness and image. Like before, brand awareness is considered a pre-requisite to any other brand dimensions (Konecnik Gartner, 2007). Without some level of awareness, the consumer cannot have perceptions on the destinations image, quality, etc. The elements of a good destination brand are as follows: It should be unique, identifiable and recognisable It should use pleasing aesthetics to appeal to the target market and enhance recognition and emotional response. It should be culturally relevant. It must stand the test of time It should be easily reproduced across multiple media formats like print, online, billboards, etc. (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, 2007) (Hankinson, 2005) Monitoring and Evaluating Much attention has been directed to the implementation of tourism strategies. Pressman and Wildavsky (1973) state that with the increased attention to policy implementation since the 1970s, the interest in policy evaluation has also proportionally increased. By incorporating monitoring and evaluation at the very beginning of policy formulation, the type of information and indicators required can be specified in advance of the implementation of the tourism policy. (Hall Jenkins, 1995) The long term sustainability and competitiveness of a destination is directly linked to its ability to adapt to and evolve with fluid market conditions. Monitoring and evaluating is important in identifying future opportunities and challenges for the destination to improve performance and sustainability over time. (Sr., Allen, Swanson, Smith, 2008) Research has shown that effective monitoring and evaluation should comprise of the following: Possess key performance indicators that were developed and agreed upon during the conceptualisation stages of the policy Possess a regular performance monitoring review process Identify relevant performance monitoring tools, methods and certification options to assist in monitoring and evaluating performance Consider the economic, environmental and social impacts on the destination and stakeholders Measure sustainability and competitiveness over time against agreed industry benchmarks Identify strategies for continual improvement to achieve best goals Communicate and report on performance achievements with stakeholders, including customers Identify strategies to leverage performance achievements with funding agencies, suppliers and statutory bodies. (Miller Twining-Ward, 2005) (Rio Nunes, 2012) Policy Review In this section, the parameters of Vision, Branding and Monitoring and Evaluation of the Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023 will be critically analysed using the literature discussed as parameters, as well as the need to be sustainable and competitive in the world destination market Vision: The vision for Turkey that has been decided by the DMO, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, in their tourism plan (2013) on page 4 is as follows; With the adoption of sustainable tourism approach, tourism and travel industry will be brought to a leading position for leveraging rates of employment and regional development and it will be ensured that Turkey becomes a world brand in tourism and a major destination in the list of the top five countries receiving the highest number of tourist and highest tourism revenues by 2023. On reading and analysing the vision statement, the primary inference that can be drawn is that the vision statement is not very articulate with problems caused by its length and its business style tone and hindered by the unnecessary use of certain language. As Kantabutra and Avery (2010) explained, a vision should be conveyed in dramatic fashion in order to inspire and motivate, which clearly the DMO has failed in achieving. A simpler concise version with motivational and inspirational themes would have fared much better. But where The Ministry of Culture and Tourisms vision succeeds is in its detailing of the goals regarding its market position and the goals the DMO aims to accomplish for the region and citizens by the year 2023 in lieu with the ideas put forward by Goeldner (2008),Tallant (2009) and Ritchie (1999). On cross examining the vision statement of Turkey with the necessary elements for a vision as put forward by Kantabutra and Avery (2010), the vision decided by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism contains only a singular element, that being the one regarding sustainable growth of the destination for the benefit of the stakeholders. But even in this case not all stakeholders have been represented, especially the most important one, the tourists. To conclude the critical analysis of the Vision for Turkey set forth by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism, one can say empirically that it is not an effective one on multiple fronts. Branding The branding strategy for Turkey which has been designed by the Ministry of Culture and Tourism in the tourism policy mentioned on page 34 of the same is to Manage the branding of cities rich of cultural and natural heritage and thereby convert them into a point of attraction for travellers. Istanbul along with cities like Ankara, Izmir and Antalya are focussed upon in their city travel project, with aims to make them popular destinations among the tourists. Istanbul is being given more preference as it was designated the Cultural Capital of Europe for the year 2010 which would force the strengthening of its cultural, artistic, urban as well as the environmental qualities of Istanbul. As per J.R Brent Ritchie and Robin J.B Ritchie (1998), branding must be able to encapsulate either a name, symbol or logo which would help Turkey to be differentiated from other tourist destinations. The process calls for Turkey to restore its uniqueness which would be a plus factor in order to attract more travellers to the country and facilitate more options for the domestic as well as international tourists who arrive. After going through Turkeys objectives towards branding of its cities, it is easily understood that the objectives designed by the DMO is able to cover up major areas which would establish Turkey as a hotspot in the tourism sector in the coming years in accordance to their vision for its cities. The only negative part to draw out of this is that the objectives seems a little too ambitious for the time frame it has got. This could be risky if the plans are not executed properly on time and deadlines not being met. The tourism plan put forth by the Ministry of Tourism and Culture clearly aims at improving the brands of all the individual destinations within Turkey with them end goal that this strategy will reap benefits to the overall brand of Turkey. By focussing on improving the brands of the local destinations, the DMO aims to not only generate a unique niche identity for the country but also to differentiate the experience on offer from the other similar destinations. (Qu, Kim, Hyunjung, 2011) By implementing a strategy to improve on destination attractions, accessibility, infrastructure, superstructure, etc. the Ministry of Culture and Tourism have taken a page out of Konecnik and Gartners (2007) ideas of improving destination image by improving destination quality. But the fact remains that the Ministry of Culture and Tourism is still under the process of building a brand. In this day and age it makes sense to understand ones assets as well as the market segmentation before committing to the release of a brand, because that brand should stand the test of time, which is the only barometer to gauge its success. (Morgan, Pritchard, Pride, 2007; Hankinson, 2005) To summarise the critical analysis of Turkeys branding, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has just begun taking the ground level steps to develop a timeless brand for the country. The strategies employed will assist in not only the task of developing a brand for the country but helps in the building a unique destination that will remain competitive and sustainable. Monitoring and Evaluation: Credit should be given to The Ministry of Culture and Tourism for understanding the importance of monitoring and evaluating the performance indicators in Turkeys tourism system. But the Tourism Strategy of Turkey does not elucidate on the key performance indicators that will be monitored, nor the monitoring review process, tools, methods or certification options that will assist in the monitoring and evaluation performance. The reason for this is because the Ministry of Culture and Tourism has just implemented this facet to the tourism strategy for Turkey. With their new ideology of sustainable tourism as mentioned in their vision and their reinvigorated approach to branding, there are a lot of fluid elements in the Tourism System of Turkey. The Ministry of Culture and Tourism have decided to form two new bodies to aid in the task of identifying, monitoring and evaluating the key performance indicators of tourism in Turkey, The National Tourism Database Repository and The National Tourism Certification Service. The National Tourism Database Repository will be tasked with collecting and organising the data transmitted by the various public and private sector entities. After analysis the repository will submit its conclusions and opinions to the Ministry of Culture and Tourism and the National Tourism Council. On reflecting upon the data and inference received, the DMO will decide the key performance indicators and the monitoring review process. The National Tourism Service will then provide methods to implement amendments into the tourism strategy accordingly. To summarise the critical analysis of the Monitoring and Evaluation element of Turkeys tourism strategy, one can easily understand that the steps taken are the ground level steps to setup a system and framework that will help enable the various tourism bodies to actively monitor and evaluate the tourism system and make real time changes that will bring about the most effective and sustainable outcome. The only negative that can said about the monitoring and evaluation strategy is that the DMO has not declared time frames for the formation of the new regulatory bodies nor a target date when they hope the new monitoring review process will commence Conclusion After researching valid literature, ideas and viewpoints of many scholars, authors, researchers, etc. within the context of Vision, Branding and Monitoring and Evaluation and applying them to the Tourism Strategy of Turkey which has been compiled by Turkeys Destination Management Organisation, The Ministry of Culture and Tourism, we can arrive at the following conclusions. There are a number of issues with their Vision, predominantly the inarticulateness and word flow of the text. The Vision fails to inspire, motivate or fill one with hopefulness. Where it succeeds is that it details their commitment to sustainable tourism, their labour market and what position they will strive to achieve in the global tourism market by 2023. The element of Branding in Turkeys Tourism Strategy is more of an action plan to develop the individual brands of local destinations, with the long term goal of developing a timeless national brand that will help tourists to identify and differentiate Turkey as a niche tourist destination. But with their approach to sustainable tourism, the strategy of branding individual destinations to promote assets of the same destinations seems contradictory. Similarly, the Monitoring and Evaluation facet of Turkeys Tourism Strategy is also a plan to setup the ground level protocol and infrastructure that will aid in the identification, monitoring and evaluating the key performance indicators of Turkeys Tourism Systems. Furthermore, entities whose purpose is to help with the amendment and improvement of all tourism based activities, decision making and legislation have also been conceptualised. To summarise, the Tourism Strategy of Turkey-2023, is in essence a weak tourism strategy. The vision statement disappointing on multiple fronts, no national brand and the lack of a monitoring and evaluating framework is evidence of the same. But with that being said, there are some positives like their listing of certain specific goals regarding market placement and their product differentiation. References Esmeralda, S., Eleina, Q. (2013). Role of Destination Management Organization in Developing Sustainable Tourism in Korà §a Region. (Young Scientist Journal), 93-96. Goeldner, C. R. (2008). TOURISM: Principles, Practices, Philosophies; ISBN 9780470084595. Wiley. Hall, C. M., Jenkins, J. M. (1995). Tourism and Public Policy, ISBN: 1-86152-998-8. Cornwall, U.K.: Routledge. Hankinson, G. (2005). Destination brand images: a business tourism perspective. Journal of Services Marketing, Vol. 19 Iss: 1, 24 32. Kantabutra, S., Avery, G. C. (2010). The power of vision: statements that resonate. Journal of Business Strategy, Vol. 31 Iss: 1, 37-45. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02756661011012769 Konecnik, M., Gartner, a. W. (2007). Customer-Based Brand Equity for a Destination. Annals of Tourism Research, 34, 400-421. Miller, G., Twining-Ward, L. (2005). Monitoring for a Sustainable Tourism Transition: The Challenge of Developing and Using Indicators, ISBN: 0-85199-051-7. Oxfordshire, U.K.: CABI Publishing. Ministry of Culture and Tourism. (2013). Tourism Strategy of Turkey 2023, ISBN 978-975-17-3281-1. Ankara, Turkey: T.R. Ministry of Culture and Tourism Publications. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Piggott, a. R. (2002). New Zealand, 100% Pure. The Creation of a Powerful Niche Destination Brand. Brand Management, 335-354. Morgan, N., Pritchard, A., Pride, R. (2007). Destination Branding; ISBN : 0750649941. Oxford, UK: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Pressman, J. L., Wildavsky, A. (1973). Implementation, ISBN: 9780520053311. Oakland, U.S.A.: University of California Press. Qu, H., Kim, L. I., Hyunjung, H. (2011). A Model of Destination Branding: Integrating the Concepts of the Branding and Destination Image. Tourism Management, 32, 465-476. Rio, D., Nunes, L. (2012). Monitoring and Evaluation Tool for Tourism Destinations. Tourism Management Perspectives, Volume 4, 64-66. Ritchie, J. B. (1998). THE BRANDING OF TOURISM DESTINATIONS PAST ACHIEVEMENTS FUTURE CHALLENGES. Annual Congress of the International Association of Scientific Experts in Tourism. Marrakech, Morocco. Ritchie, J. B. (1999, June). Crafting a value-driven vision for a national tourism treasure. Tourism Management, pp. 273-282. Ritchie, J. B., Crouch, G. I. (2003). The Competitive Destination: A Sustainable Tourism Perspective; ISBN: 085199847X, 9780851998473; . CABI Pub. Sr., D. E., Allen, M. D., Swanson, J., Smith, G. (2008). Tourism Policy and Planning, ISBN: 978-0-7506-8557-3. London: Butterworth-Heinemann Ltd. Tallant, J. (2009). Importance of Vision, Mission, and Values in Strategic Direction. Business Economics Journal, 3. UNWTO. (2007). A Practical Guide to Tourism Destination Management, ISBN: 978-92-844-1243-3, . Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organization. UNWTO. (2015). UNWTO World Tourism Highlights. Madrid, Spain: World Tourism Organisation Publications, DOI : 9789284416899.

How Traditional Family Cultural Survive in the Future Essay

Traditional businesses are essential and important for a country. These reveals the lovely culture and habits of nation. These are the most attractive places where foreigners visit whenever they arrive to the land. Foreigners also buy traditional products which is difficult to be bought in their places and be placed at their home for their arrival and remembrances of the places where they visited. Not only for foreigners but also for local people, traditional products show how a person love culture and tradition of that nation. They play an important role in the standard of nation, so it is impossible for them to be disappeared although they get a little way to success. When a country becomes more developed, there is a lesser number of traditional business. The other business are favored and traditional businesses are transformed into these businesses because they are relatively more easy to succeed and can get more profit. Traditional businesses are made by humans and cannot be subs tituted by others. Therefore, they are too expensive for basic people to buy and use them. The other substituted things are processed by machines and standardized. They produce in large quantities and get economy of scale and can be sold in low price. The basic choose the cheaper one for their daily use how much they love their tradition. But the country is based on basic class, not on upper class. The demands go down and traditions have to depend on foreigners and upper class, especially. There is a little chance for every traditional culture business to survive although it cannot be disappeared from the market. All have to transform and innovate new things. Their management style, production process orientation have to be upgraded. Almost all traditional businesses are sole traders. Their finances, profession and ability to do are limited. Only the person who leads the business decide what to do, how to do and who have to do. The other member are not included in the decision, the other members of the family or the floor workers. They have to change this because one’s profession is limited, the decision may be very fast but may not be as good as one deciding by many. They do not have any accurate documents. Some only have Cash Book, Debtors’ book and Creditors’ book. They never draw any financial statement and never check their income and expenses. Some firms may not have any of these, they keep the cash to the drawers when something is sold. And at the end of the day, they keep it to the drawer. And also their pricing, they set the price above the cost of production. Prices are not set stable. Customer has to have full knowledge to get goods with right price. The production processes are made to be smooth. Not all the processes let human make. Making traditional things must be made by human but aided by machine. It can lessen time, make lower cost of production and can control the quality. Machines are more accurate than human. For example, in the process of making pots, they are fired with woods by humans. Instead of this ovens can be replaced. They can be fired with accurate temperature and woods do not need. It can lessen the cost and wages can be reduced. To do these, technology is the key point. Nowadays, we do business in production orientation. We do the best, but we do not know what the customers need, we do not find what they want from us. We have to change into marketing orientation. We must find out what customer needs, how can we fulfill their wish. We have to research on the market. People are bored when they get the only one thing. They always want newest thing, they always seek in us. We have to make innovation based on the tradition. It is important to have great care not missing tradition. foreigners are main customers for the traditional market. Although we can produce the products, we are weak in market distribution. so, we should need organization to improve traditional business. we should make internet website about traditional business. we should make knowledge distribution of tradition to the local. we should connect with travel& tourism .so ,they introduce to visit our industry. And we explain the production process step by step thoroughly .we should create the design update. In traditional job, main problem is rare raw material. If we meet this problem , we should think the another way to substitute with other.

Fraternal and Identical Twins

Not all twins act the same, even the ones that are identical. They may come about the same way. Fraternal and Identical Twins have some of the same traits but are definitely not the same. All twins, whether fraternal or identical, are truly two separate unique individuals.There are four different types of twins. The first is fraternal twins that either never divided or divides within the first four days and have two separate amniotic sacs and placentas. This is included for almost all fraternal twins. The second is Identical twins that share the same placenta, but have two amniotic sacs.This occurs when the embryo splits in 4-8 days and is most likely to occur in 60-70% of all identical twin pregnancies. The third is also identical twins that share the same amniotic sac and appear when the embryo splits after 9 days.The last and most uncommon type of twins are the conjoined twins, which occurs when division takes place later than 12 days after fertilization. This can cause the embryo ’s to become joined together on some part of their body. Identical Twins are most unique. They are the most admired and sometimes the most notable.It is believed by most that this is the most common type of twin. This is not a proven fact because fraternal twins have become the norm, while identical twins have become somewhat of rarity. There are 3 different ways that identical twins can develop and be carried:The first case is where there is only one placenta that feeds the babies, but there can be two amniotic sacs. When there is 1 placenta and 2 amniotic sacs then the pregnancy is referred to as having an identical pregnancy. Twins may also occur from invitrofertilization.This is when several  fertilized eggs are placed inside the mother, with the hope of one of them becoming an embryo. This can sometimes lead to one or more of the eggs becoming an embryo. Identical twins share a single egg but are fertilized by one sperm. The egg splits into two identical halves.This us ually takes place within the first few days of fertilization. Identical twins share the same DNA and are always the same sex and same blood type. However, they do not have the same fingerprints. This is somewhat a shocker since most of the TV detective shows often portray identical twins that are identical in every way.Scientists believe that the reason that this is not prevalent is because they often don’t have the same exploratory pattern as the opposite twin. While in the womb, they do share the same placenta. Identical twins are similar in appearance and are relatively easy to tell apart.They also seem to occur randomly, three out of 1000 births. This is why they less common as fraternal twins. Fraternal twins come about when a woman releases two separate eggs at the same time. The eggs are fertilized by two separate sperm. Fraternal twins can be the same sex and blood type.They have become more common among older women over the age of thirty-five. There is still a lot of research as to why this is so for mature women. Fraternal twins also have separate placentas and don’t share the same of anything. They have the most distinct features but you can be able to tell them apart.Some of the most recognizable fraternal twins would be Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen. They look identical but are fraternal twins who look so much alike in appearance. This can cause the person with keen eyes to be easily deceived into thinking that they are identical twins.Scientists also think that fraternal twinning may be due to hereditary influences. It has been studied that more women commonly have several sets of fraternal twins throughout many generations in the family. It is a common misconception that twins only come from the mother’s side.This is found only to be true when the father is the one with twins in the family or is a twin himself. The male’s parent can have several sets of twins and still may not be in indicator as to where they will actual ly have twins themselves.The male only provides the sperm. The female is the only one who releases two eggs at the same time. This is where the mother’s genes become the one that has created the twins. The female can inherit the gene from the grandmother or aunt on her father’s side. Some people have the misconception that the mother inherits the twin gene from the mother’s side. Clearly, this isn’t the case. It also is more common in women of African descent to have twins and less in women of Asian descent. It is easier to tell the differences after the twins are born.Fraternal twins are about as alike as a brother and a sister. Most people have heard or even actually seen an episode of Maury Povich where some women are certain that their fraternal twins share the same father. It becomes a shocker when Maury announces that one man â€Å"is the father† of one child, while he is not the father of the other. Talk about a jaw dropper. That means that the mother had sex with two different men, in a small time frame. Development issues can also indicate whether your babies are twins or not.Identical twins usually have very similar developmental patterns. They do things often within days of each other, which means you might see them speaking and walking at different times but within days. Fraternal twins may have wide differences in these patterns.There may be one twin who is equal to the developmental stage that is recommended at their age and the other one who may   need a little more time to grow. This doesn’t mean they will have developmental issues down the line but rather they need more time to develop.In conclusion, fraternal twins are composed of two separate eggs and sperms, while identical twins come from the same fertilized egg that has been split in two. Fraternal twins vary in their appearance, while identical twins tend to look the same.Fraternal twins may grow at different rates, but identical twins will fol low the same pattern of growth. It almost makes you wonder if what researchers believe to be true, everyone is born with a twin. If that is the case, there are one more of you running around the world. This could be a good or bad thing, which are you?